In this post, we are providing detailed information about how the Committees of the Constituent Assembly were provided. This is an important topic of Indian polity that every student must read, in this you will get to read about the formation of the Constituent Assembly, action, objective proposal etc.
Committees of the Constituent Assembly
● The Constituent Assembly constituted several committees to carry out various functions related to the making of the constitution. Of these, 8 were large committees and others were small.
● The names of these committees and their chairpersons are as follows–
Big Committees
1. Sangh Shakti Samiti – Jawaharlal Nehru.
2. Federal Constitutional Committee – Jawaharlal Nehru.
3. Provincial Constitutional Committee – Sardar Patel.
4. Drafting Committee – Dr. BR Ambedkar.
5. Consultative Committee on Fundamental Rights and Minorities – Sardar Patel.
Note– This committee had two sub–committees–
a. Fundamental Rights Sub–Committee – JB Kriplani.
b. Minorities Sub Committee – HC Mukherjee.
6. Procedure Rules Committee – Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
7. Committee for the States (negotiating with the states) – Jawaharlal Nehru.
Small Committees
1. Committee on Functions of the Constituent Assembly – GV Mavalankar.
2. Business Steering Committee – Dr. KM Munshi.
3. House Committee – B. Pattabhi sitaramayya.
4. Ad–hoc Committee on National Flag – Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
5. Committee to examine the draft constitution – Jawaharlal Nehru.
6. Finance and Staff Committee – Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution
● The most important committee was the ‘Draft Committee’ among all the committees of the Constituent Assembly.
● This committee was formed on August 29, 1947.
● On August 30, 1947, the first meeting of the Drafting Committee was held and in this meeting Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was made the President.
● There were seven members in this committee–
1. Dr. BR Ambedkar (President)
2. N Gopal Swami Iyengar.
3. Alladi Krishna Swami Iyer.
4. Dr. K. M. Munshi.
5. Syed Mohammad Sadullah.
6. N Madhava Rao (after the resignation of BL Mitra)
7. TT Krishnamachari (after the death of DP Khaitan)
♦ The Constituent Assembly of India functioned in two ways –
(1) When the work of making the constitution was done, it was headed by Rajendra Prasad and
(2) When the Constituent Assembly acts as a legislature, it is presided over by Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar.
● The constitution was signed by 284 members. The first person to sign was Jawaharlal Nehru. Balwant Singh Mehta was the first person to sign from Rajasthan and 12 members were sent from Rajasthan. 11 members are from princely states and 1 chief commissioner is from Ajmer–Merwara region.
● On 26 November 1949, 16 Articles of the Constitution in which citizenship, provisional parliament and transitional provisions were implemented. The entire constitution came into force on 26 January 1950. But before its implementation the last meeting was called on 24 January 1950. In which Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the President of India and the national anthem and national anthem were adopted.
National Anthem
● It was first sung by Rabindranath Tagore in the Calcutta session of 1911. Duration – Approx 52 sec. Composition – in native Bengali language
⇒ National Song
● Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
● It is originally in Sanskrit language and was taken from Anand Math.
♦ Coming into force of the constitution
● Dr. BR Ambedkar presented the final draft of the constitution in the assembly on November 4, 1948.
● The Constitution was considered for the second time on 15 November 1948. In this the Constitution was discussed section by clause. This work lasted till October 17, 1949. At least 7653 amendment proposals came during this period.
● The Constitution was considered for the third time on November 14, 1949. Dr. BR Ambedkar introduced the proposal “The Constitution as Settled by the Assembly Be Passed”. This resolution, introduced on the draft of the constitution, was passed on November 26, 1949 and it was signed by the chairman and the members (284 members).
· Out of the total 299 members in the assembly, only 284 members were present on that day, who signed the constitution.
● The constitution, adopted on November 26, 1949, had a preamble, 395 articles and 8 schedules.
● The Preamble was implemented after implementing the entire constitution.
● On November 26, 1949, some provisions related to citizenship, elections, ad–hoc Parliament, temporary and changeable rules and short titles Article 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393 and 394 came into force automatically.
● The remaining provisions of the Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950. This day is observed as the day of commencement of the Constitution and is celebrated as Republic Day.
Other Facts
● Apart from making the constitution and implementing laws for the country, the Constituent Assembly also did the following things–
1. It verified India’s membership of the Commonwealth on 16 May 1949.
2. It adopted the national flag on July 22, 1947.
3. On September 14, 1949, Hindi was accepted as the official language.
4. It adopted the national anthem on January 24, 1950.
5. It adopted the national song on January 24, 1950.
6. It elected Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the first President of India on January 24, 1950.
7. It took 2 years 11 months and 18 days to make the Indian Constitution and about 64 lakh rupees were spent.
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Constituent Assembly and making of Indian Constitution Notes
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